When atoms join together they form12/25/2023 Nitrogen atoms have five outer electrons so needs three more for a full outer shell. A methane molecule has four shared pairs of electrons Ammonia (NH 3 ) The carbon forms four single bonds to the hydrogen atoms, so all the atoms now have a full outer shell of electrons. Methane (CH 4 )Ĭarbon atoms have four outer electrons so need four more for a full outer shell. A shared pair of electrons between two hydrogen atoms The shape of the molecule formed is called linear. Hydrogen (H 2 )īoth hydrogen atoms have only one electron, but by forming a single covalent bond, both can have a full outer shell. If you remember " I Br ing Cl ay F or O ur N ew H ouse” then you will have remembered that the seven diatomic elements are Iodine, Bromine, Chlorine, Fluorine, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Hydrogen.ĭiagrams can be used to show how the outer electrons are shared to form the covalent bonds in a molecule. There are seven diatomic elements that you have to remember and a simple mnemonic to help with this. A molecule is a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.Ī diatomic molecule is a molecule containing only two atoms. Covalent bondingĪ covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between atoms of two non-metal elements.Ī covalent bond happens when the positive nuclei from two different atoms are held together by their common attraction for the shared pair of electrons held between them.Ītoms that share pairs of electrons form molecules. There are different types of bonds that hold atoms together. To achieve a stable electron arrangement atoms can lose, gain or share electrons. When atoms form bonds, they can achieve a stable electron arrangement. Atoms can be held together by chemical bonds.
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